Bringing a new life into the world is powerful and emotional, but pregnancy and labor can feel confusing, especially for first-time mothers. Learning what happens during labor helps reduce fear and prepares you for the experience.
What Is Labor?
Labor is the natural process where the uterus contracts to help the baby move down and through the birth canal. It usually occurs between 37 and 42 weeks of pregnancy, when the baby is ready to be born.
How to Know Labor Is Starting
Each woman’s experience is different, but several signs may indicate that true labor has begun:
- Back pain or cramping that does not stop with rest
- Regular contractions that last more than 30 seconds and become stronger and closer together
- Bloody show, which is mucus mixed with a small amount of blood
- Water breaking, either as a gush or a slow leak of fluid
If you are unsure whether what you feel is true labor, it is always best to contact your doctor or midwife.
The Stages of Labor
Health workers often talk in terms of stages because it helps track progress and guide care. Here is what each stage involves:
Stage I: Opening of the Cervix
This stage begins when contractions start opening the cervix and continues until it reaches 10 centimeters.
- Early labor: contractions are mild and far apart
- Active labor: contractions become stronger, longer, and more frequent
Helpful tips: Drink fluids, use slow deep breathing, change positions, walk if comfortable, and rest when possible.
Stage II: Delivery of the Baby
In this stage, the cervix is fully open and you begin pushing as the baby moves down the birth canal.
Helpful tips: Follow your provider’s guidance, push during contractions, and rest between them. Although most deliveries are safe, this stage is closely monitored to watch for fatigue, long pushing, or tears.
Stage III: Delivery of the Placenta
After the baby is born, contractions help the placenta separate and come out.
Helpful tips: Stay relaxed and follow your provider’s instructions. They may massage your abdomen or give medicine to prevent heavy bleeding.
Stage IV: The Golden Hour
This is the first 1 to 2 hours after the placenta is delivered. The uterus continues contracting, and your care team monitors bleeding and vital signs. Feeling cold, shaky, or tired is normal.
Helpful tips: Begin breastfeeding early, keep your baby on your chest for bonding, drink fluids, and rest.
After Labor
Your baby will be examined, dried, and placed on your chest for skin-to-skin contact. Early breastfeeding supports bonding and helps the uterus contract. Continue attending all recommended checkups and discuss any concerns with your provider.
In Closing
Labor involves effort and pain, but with the right preparation, skilled care, and family support, it can also be a safe and empowering experience.
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