HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system. If left untreated, it can lead to AIDS, a condition where the immune system becomes very weak and unable to fight infections. While HIV is a serious health issue, it is not a death sentence. With proper knowledge and the right tools, young people can protect themselves and others from it. Even those living with HIV can live long, healthy lives.
An important aspect of the fight against HIV that has been often overlooked in awareness campaigns is the knowledge about its powerful medications. Apart from the ABC method (Abstain, Be Faithful, Use Condoms), these medicines are the cornerstone of HIV treatment. They can be functionally grouped into three: PrEP, PEP and ART.
What is PrEP?
Pre–Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is protection aimed at reducing risk of HIV infection when risk of infection is high. It is a daily pill taken by people who are HIV-negative but are at high risk of getting HIV. It can be recommended for individuals who are assumed to have unavoidable exposure such as those whose partners are HIV-positive. When taken consistently, PrEP can reduce the risk of HIV by over 90%.
PrEP is available in many health facilities in Ethiopia, especially in urban areas like Addis Ababa, Hawassa, and Bahir Dar. It is safe, free in many centers. If you think you’re at risk, ask your nearest healthcare provider about PrEP.
What is PEP?
Post–Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) is an emergency medication for people who may have already been exposed to HIV. PEP must be started within 72 hours (3 days) after exposure, such as through unprotected sex, sexual assault, or a needle injury. Many of the drugs used in PEP are also used in the prevention of HIV from mother to a child.
PEP is taken for 28 days and can significantly reduce the chance of infection. The earlier PEP is started, the more effective it is. If you think you may have been exposed to HIV, don’t delay, go to a nearby health center immediately. Time is critical.
What is ART?
Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) is the treatment for people living with HIV (PLHIV). ART doesn’t cure HIV, but it helps people live healthy, full lives by reducing the amount of the virus in the body. When taken regularly, ART can lower the viral load to undetectable levels, meaning the virus can’t be detected by standard blood tests. This also means it can’t be transmitted to others during sex. This is known as U=U (Undetectable = Untransmittable).
Anyone diagnosed with HIV should start ART as soon as possible. The earlier treatment begins, the better the health outcomes. ART is free and available at many health facilities in Ethiopia.
What can you do?
Get tested regularly: Only 86% of PLHIV are aware of their status
Use condoms and communicate with your partners: Barrier contraception is the only contraception that protects against HIV
Share what you learn, help break the silence and stigma.
HIV is preventable and manageable. With the right choices, you can lead the way to a healthier, HIV-free generation.
Written by :- Dr. Hosaena Gebru
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