Today’s youth are more informed and connected than ever, but when it comes to sexual health, gaps in knowledge still lead to risky choices and bad decisions. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) remain a major health issue. Whether you’re in a committed relationship, exploring new ones, or somewhere in between, it’s crucial to understand how STIs show up and what you can do to stay safe.
STIs are passed from one person to another through sexual contact, including vaginal, oral, and anal sex. Many are treatable, especially when caught early. In Ethiopia, where lab testing may not be easily accessible, STIs are diagnosed and treated using a syndromic approach. This means healthcare providers look for clusters of symptoms to decide on the best treatment. Let’s look at the three most common ones:
- Urethral and Vaginal Discharge
If you notice unusual discharge from your penis or vagina, and it is accompanied by a burning sensation during urination, or itching, you are most likely dealing with bacterial or fungal infections. These point to infections like gonorrhea or chlamydia and, in women, could also be a sign of bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, or candidiasis (commonly known as yeast infection). STIs presenting with discharge are usually all curable with appropriate regimen of antibiotics.
- Genital Ulcers
Painful or painless sores, ulcers, or open lesions on the genitals or mouth are among the most commonly seen symptoms. They may indicate infections like syphilis, herpes, or chancroid. While treatable, these conditions can lead to serious complications or large wounds if ignored. Painless ulcers are especially dangerous, as they often go unnoticed but can still spread infection.
- Genital Warts
Genital warts are often caused by HPV (Human Papillomavirus). While some strains only cause warts, high-risk types can lead to cervical and other cancers. The HPV vaccine offers strong protection when given between ages 9–14, before any exposure. For women who are already sexually active and may have been exposed, regular cervical cancer screening is essential for early detection and prevention.
What Should You Do?
- Get Tested Regularly:
Even if you feel fine, STIs can often be asymptomatic. If you are sexually active, make testing a regular part of your health routine.
- Use Protection:
If used properly and consistently, condoms are 98% protective of STIs. Carry protection with you and don’t be afraid to insist on its use.
- Talk About It:
Have honest conversations with partners about STI status and testing. It’s not awkward, it’s responsible.
- Seek Care Early:
If you notice any symptoms, however mild you may perceive them to be, don’t wait. Go to a health center for evaluation and treatment. In Ethiopia, the diagnosis and treatment of most STIs is free at public health facilities.
- Complete Treatment & Inform Partners:
Finish the full course of any medication you’re prescribed, and let your partners know so they can get treated too.
Sexual health is just as important as physical or mental health. Staying informed and proactive protects not just you, but your partners and your future. If you have any questions pertaining to your sexual and reproductive health reach out to us, Letena Ethiopia, using any of our platform.
Written by : Dr. Hosaena Gebru
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